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The Scandinavian slave trade mainly occurred in the early history of Sweden when the trade of ''thralls'' (Old Norse: ''þræll'') was one of the pillars of the Norse economy. During the raids, the Vikings often captured and enslaved militarily weaker peoples they encountered, but took the most slaves in raids of the British Isles and Slavs in Eastern Europe. This practice lasted in the 6th through 11th centuries until formally abolished in 1335. A smaller trade of African slaves happened during the 17th and 18th centuries, around the time Swedish overseas colonies were established in North America (1638) and in Africa (1650). It remained legal until 1813. The thralls from Western Europe were mainly Franks, Anglo-Saxons, and Celts. Many Irish slaves were used in expeditions for the colonization of Iceland.〔See (Iceland History )〕 The Norse also took German, Baltic, Slavic and Latin slaves. The Vikings kept some slaves as servants and sold most captives in the Byzantine or Islamic markets. The slave trade was one of the pillars of the Norse economy during the 6th through 11th centuries. The Persian traveler Ibn Rustah described how Swedish Vikings, the Varangians or Rus, terrorized and enslaved the Slavs taken in their raids along the Volga River. (see Volga trade route.) Thralldom was outlawed in 1335 by Magnus IV of Sweden for thralls "born by Christian parents" in Västergötland and Värend, being the last parts where it had remained legal.〔(Träldom ). Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 30. Tromsdalstind - Urakami /159-160, 1920. (In Swedish).〕 This however, was only applicable within the borders of Sweden, which opened up for later slave trade in the colonies. Sweden had treaties with England〔Traité d'Alliance Entre Sa Majesté Le Roi de Suède et Sa Majesté Le Roi du Royaume Uni de la Grande Bretagne et de l'Irlande (1813). ('Mémoire St Barth', Saint-Barthélemy. URL : http://www.memoirestbarth.com/st-barts/traite-negriere/archives-legislation ). (in french)〕〔Traité, Pour la répression de la Traite des Noirs, entre Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège d'une part, et Sa Majesté le Roi du Royaume uni de la Grande Bretagne et de l'Irlande de l'autre (1824). ('Mémoire St Barth', Saint-Barthélemy. URL : http://www.memoirestbarth.com/st-barts/traite-negriere/archives-legislation ). (in french)〕 and France〔Traité pour la répression de la Traite des Noirs entre Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français (1836). ('Mémoire St Barth', Saint-Barthélemy. URL : http://www.memoirestbarth.com/st-barts/traite-negriere/archives-legislation ). (in french)〕 concerning slave trade, with Swedish vessels involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Between 1784 and 1878, the country held minor colonies in the Caribbean. The Swedish island Saint-Barthélemy functioned as a duty-free port and became a major center for the Caribbean slave trade. Slaves were brought in tax free by foreign vessels and the Swedish king made a profit by collecting an export tax when slaves were shipped out. Sweden was also a major supplier of iron chains used in the slave trade.〔Integrations- och jämställdhetsdepartementet. (Dir.2007:114 ), Kommittédirektiv: Tilläggsdirektiv till Delegationen för mänskliga rättigheter i Sverige (Ju 2006:02), s. 2. In Swedish.〕 In 1847, slavery was abolished in all parts of Sweden, including the colonies, on the basis of a decision taken in 1846.〔Cobb, Thomas Read Rootes. ''An Inquiry Into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America To which is Prefixed An Historical Sketch of Slavery'', 1858. Page cxcii.〕 Slavery was ruled in Saint-Barthélemy under the ''Ordinance concerning the Police of Slaves and free Coloured People''〔(Ordinance concerning the Police of Slaves and free Coloured People (Swedish «Black Code») ). Source: 'Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques', Saint-Barthélemy.〕 dated 30 July 1787, original〔(Le « Code Noir » suédois de Saint-Barthélemy ). Source: 'Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques', Saint-Barthélemy.〕 in French dated 30 June 1787. The last legally owned slaves in the Swedish colony of Saint-Barthélemy were bought free by the state on October 9, 1847.〔(L'abolition de l'esclavage à Saint-Barthélemy : jusqu'au 9 octobre 1847 ). Source: 'Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques', Saint-Barthélemy. (In French).〕 == Trading Stations in Africa == In 1650, Sweden established trading stations along the West African coast, with bases in an area called the Swedish Gold Coast which was later a part of the West African Gold Coast, and which is today part of Ghana. Sweden and Denmark were competing for positions as regional powers during this period, and the Danes followed the Swedes to Africa, setting up stations a couple of years later. In 1663, the Swedish Gold Coast was taken over by the Danish colonial power and became part of the Danish Gold Coast. There is no historical documentation that shows that slaves were ever traded in the trading stations during their 13-year Swedish possession, rather it is assumed to be the case. Swedish trading stations reappeared in the 18th century, when Sweden established a colonial presence in the Caribbean. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swedish slave trade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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